خرید و دانلود نسخه کامل کتاب From Darwin to Derrida Selfish Genes, Social Selves, and the Meanings of Life – + PDF

آنتونی رابینز میگه : من در 40 سالگی به جایی رسیدم که برای رسیدن بهش 82 سال زمان لازمه و این رو مدیون کتاب خواندن زیاد هستم.

• زبان فایل : انگلیسی
• نوع فایل : PDF

Evolutionary theory can be a nasty business. Perhaps it has something to say about human nature. Most scientifically respectable evolutionary theories wear garments of math. I think of mathematical models as disciplined metaphors. We use x to represent something in the world, say slugs, and y to represent something else, say lettuces, then we analyze the relation of x to y using mathematics. We imagine that slugs and lettuces behave like x and y in the model, and then we use how x and y behave in the model to understand how slugs and lettuces behave in the world. Nobody can argue with mathematical models—that is one of the points of using mathematics—but there can be endless arguments about what you put into a model and what you leave out, and endless arguments about what the model means, because metaphors can be interpreted in many ways. I am not criticizing the use of metaphors—far from it, they are essential. All that we know about the world is metaphor. Our perceptions are a virtual reality, not the thing in itself but something that stands in the place of the thing. Phenomena are metaphors used to comprehend things. Don’t worry, this book contains almost no mathematics; but, if you don’t like metaphor, then this is probably a good time to return the book and ask for a refund.